This article is part of a series on vaccine development and distribution. Learn more about vaccines – how they work and how they are designed to ensure safety and equal access – in the WHO vaccine information series.This Psychologist Wants To Vaccinate.
Bacteria surround us everywhere, both in our environment and in our bodies. If one can and comes into contact with harmful substances, it can cause illness and death.
The body has many ways to protect itself from pathogens. The skin, nose, and cilia (microscopic hairs that move debris out of the lungs) all act as physical barriers to prevent pathogens from entering the body.
When a virus infects us, our body’s defense system, called the immune system, is activated, attacks and is destroyed or defeated.
A physical response
Pathogens are bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi that can cause disease in the body. Each virus has different components that are often different from the virus and the disease it causes. The part of the pathogen that causes the formation of antibodies is called an antigen. Antibodies produced in response to pathogenic antigens are an important part of the immune system. You can think of vaccines as the soldiers of your body’s defense system. Each antibody or fighter is trained by our system to recognize a specific antigen. There are thousands of antibodies in our bodies. When a person is first exposed to an antigen, it takes time for the immune system to respond and produce antibodies specific to that antigen.
Meanwhile, the person may get sick.
After the production of antibodies, they cooperate with the rest of the body’s immune system to destroy the virus and stop the disease. Antibiotics usually do not protect against each other unless the two viruses are as similar as siblings. After the body produces antibiotics as a first response to the antigen, it also produces memory cells that produce antibodies that keep the virus alive even after the virus has been defeated. When the body is repeatedly exposed to the same virus, the immune response is faster and more effective than the first time, because memory cells quickly produce antibodies against the antigen.
This means that if the person is exposed to a harmful virus in the future, the immune system can respond immediately, protecting them from infection.
How do vaccines help
A vaccine contains a weakened or inactive part of a particular organ (antigen) that triggers an immune response in the body. New antibodies have principles for producing antigens rather than the antigen itself. Whether the vaccine contains the antigen itself or the pattern for the body to produce the antigen, the weakened version does not cause disease in the recipient of the vaccine, but it stimulates the body’s immune system. reply. his initial reaction to the actual pathogen.
Examples of Antibiotic Resistance 02_29 Oct
Some vaccines require multiple doses, weeks or months apart. This is sometimes necessary to allow the production of long-lasting antibiotics and the development of memory cells. In this way, the body is trained to fight the disease, building a reserve of the virus to fight it quickly if it is exposed in the future.
Mechanical resistance
If a person is vaccinated, they are likely to be protected from the target disease. But not everyone can be vaccinated. People with chronic medical conditions that suppress the immune system (such as cancer or HIV) or people with severe allergies to certain components of the vaccine may not be able to get some vaccines. These people can be protected if they live among vaccinated people. If many people in a community are vaccinated, it is difficult for the virus to spread because many people it encounters do not have immunity. Therefore, as people are given vaccines, it is likely that people who cannot be protected by vaccination will have even more harmful viruses. This is called a barrier.
This is especially important for people who are not only unable to get vaccinated but are also more likely to get the diseases we vaccinate against. No vaccine provides 100% protection, and pet vaccines do not provide adequate protection for those who cannot be safely vaccinated. But with the metal barrier, these people are very protected, due to the vaccination of the people around them.
Vaccination not only protects you but also the people living in the community who cannot be vaccinated. Get vaccinated if you can.
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Throughout the world, humans have developed vaccines against many life-threatening diseases, including meningitis, tetanus, measles, and wild poliovirus.
This Psychologist Wants To Vaccinate You Against Fake News
In the early 1900s, polio was a global disease that killed hundreds of thousands of people every year. In the 1950s, two effective vaccines against the disease were developed. But in some parts of the world, vaccination is still not enough to stop the spread of polio, especially in Africa. In the 1980s, a concerted global effort to eradicate polio from our world began. For years and decades, polio vaccination was done on all continents through vaccination visits and vaccination campaigns. Millions of people, especially children, were vaccinated, and in August 2020 the African continent was free of wild polio, joining the rest of the world, with the exception of Pakistan and Afghanistan, where polio has been eradicated.
For Sander van der Linden, misinformation is personal.
When he was a child in the Netherlands, a psychologist at Cambridge University discovered that almost all of his mother’s family had been killed by the Nazis during World War II. He was asking questions about how many people came to support ideas like Adolf Hitler and how they could be taught to resist such influences.
While studying science in graduate school in the mid-2010s, van der Linden came across the work of American researcher William McGuire. In the 1960s, the story of brainwashing during the Korean War took over the zeitgeist, and McGuire developed ideas about how to prevent such brainwashing. He wondered if exposing the soldiers to a weak form of propaganda would prepare them to withstand a heavy attack once they were captured. In the same way that military training prepares them for fighting before they are exposed to this attack on their faith they may have prepared them for mind control. McGuire argued that it would work as an antidote to propaganda—an antidote to brainwashing.
Vaccines protect us by giving us weak antibodies, so our immune system can detect them when they appear, so we’re better prepared to fight the real thing when we met them. Antipsychotics work the same way: If you’ve used an unconscious virus to dull your brain, and the next time you encounter it in full, your “antipsychotic” must remember it and protect yourself.
This Psychologist Wants To Vaccinate You Against Fake News
Van der Linden wanted to build on McGuire’s theory and test the concept of spiritual inoculation in the real world. In his first study, he looked at how to combat misinformation about climate change. At that time, a fake petition was circulated on Facebook which claimed . That there was not enough scientific evidence to conclude that global warming was man-made. And had the signatures of 30,000 American scientists (with thorough research, fake signers including Geri Halliwell in the cast). .MAS*H).
Van der Linden and his team captured a group of participants. And warned them that political actors were trying to deceive them – a fake request in this case. They were given a detailed description of the allegations in the complaint. For example, Geri Halliwell’s appearance is described in the list. When the participants finally learned about the request, van der Linden and his team found that people couldn’t believe it.
JAMES TEMPERTON
This method is based on the idea that at the time when we are exposed to wrong information. It is too late to challenge and analyze the facts to have a useful effect. So people should be prepared in advance – something van der Linden calls “pre-bunking”. ” An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
When he published the findings in 2016, van der Linden did not expect it. That his work would coincide with the election of Donald Trump. Fake news, and post-truth; the media and the government’s attention to its investigation exploded. Does anyone want to know how to make this bigger?
Van der Linden teamed up with game developers to create Bad News. A choose-your-own online game in which players can try their hand at writing and spreading misinformation. Just like a perfect vaccine, exposing people to fake news reinforces their built-in detectors.
This Psychologist Wants To Vaccinate You Against Fake News
However, social media companies remained reluctant to get on board. Correcting misinformation and being the arbiter of truth is not part of their core business. Then people in China started getting a mysterious flu-like illness.
The coronavirus pandemic has raised the risk of misinformation to a new level. Van der Linden began working with the British government and organizations . Such as the World Health Organization and the United Nations to create . A simple game based on Covid, which they called GoViral! Several models were created, including one for the 2020 US presidential election and another for activist recruitment.
